The effects of alloying elements like Si, MO, Ni, V, CO, W, MO and carbon on steel casting.

1)      Silicon:

a)      Improves oxidation resistance

b)      Strengthens low alloy steels.

c)      Acts as a deoxidizer. 

2)      Molybdenum:

a)      Promotes hardenability of steels.

b)      Makes steel fine grained

c)      Makes steel unusually tough at various hardness levels.

d)     Concentrates tendency towards temper brittleness.

e)      Raises tensile and creep strength at high temperature.

f)       Enhances corrosion resistance in stainless steel.

g)      Forms abrasion resisting particles. 

3)      Nickel:

a)      Increases toughness and resistance to impact.

b)      Lessens distortion in quenching.

c)      Lowers the critical temperature of steel and widens the range of successful heat treatment.

d)     Strengthens steels.

e)      Renders high chromium iron alloys austenitic.

f)       Does not unite with carbon.

4)      Vanadium:

a)      Promotes fine grains in steel.

b)      Increases hardenability.

c)      Imparts strength and toughness to heat treated steel.

d)     Resists tempering and causes marked secondary hardening. 

5)      Cobalt:

Contribute to red-hardness by hardening ferrite.

6)      Tungsten:

a)      Increases hardness

b)      Promotes fine grains.

c)      Resist heat

d)     Promotes heat at elevated temperatures. 

7)      Carbon:

Affects:

a)      Hardness

b)      Tensile strength

c)      Machinability

d)     Melting point.